Process for the manufacture of albuminous products from the residues obtained in the oil manufacture.



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To all whom it may concern Be it known that we, VIKTOR GnArn, professor of the Vienna University, and KUNo the Residues Obtained in the Oil Manufacture, of which the following is a specification. i

The object of the present in'venti'on'is to obtain irreproachable albuminous products for the food industry from the residues of the oil manufacture. For that purpose particularly it is to be aimed to remove thor oughly the oils, sebacio acids and their products of transformation Itis alread known to free from grease the residues 0 the oil manufacture andthen to extract the albuminous materials andto separate them from the extracts by precipitation. In order to remove all fatty matters from the residues till now these were, however, always treated by means of greasesolvents, a treatment by which the ob ect that is to obtain from the residues of the oil manufacture albuminous materials freed from all substances emitting a smell or taste and from all easily putrescible admixtures -is byv no means perfectly attained.

That on industrial scale a sufficiently perfect ungreasing of the residues cannot be obtained by means of grease-solvents, is shown already by the fact, that meals or flours ungreased by benzin and similar solvents still contain on an average up to 3% of grease. Conformably to this it is also impossible to extract the whole grease by means of ether, when analyzing the oilcakes; it is, rather, necesary to efiect-previous to the extraction a complicated digestion of the albumin in order to completely remove the remnants of oil from the cakes. there can never be removed, by

means of grease-solvents, the products of transformation of the fats which have an unfavorable influence upon the taste.

According to the present inventlon the oils and sebacic acids are removed bysaponification or formation of soaps by treatm 1n the warmth the residues of the oil manu acture with alkali 1 (without previous extraction by means of. grease solvents). Hereby the free sebacic acids are combined to soaps,

Specification of Letters Patent. v

Hi! MANUFACTURE OF ALBUMINO'US PlRODUCTS FROM THE RESIDUES OBTAINED INTHJE OIL MANUFACTURE Patentedelfani at, rate.

Application filed March as, 1915. Serial m. 16,423.

the oils are saponified, and the other un'desirable by-constituents are dissolved. At the same time part of the vegetable proteins alsov passes into solution, whereas another part remains unsolved in the residue. Now it has been found that by thoroughly neutral- 1z1ng the soap-solution with acids the dissolved albumin may be separated from the much more constant soaps in a very simple and perfect manner, the soap, namely, remaming undecomposed, whereas the albu; mm dissolved in the alkaline soap-solution isprecipitated,and may be separated from the soap-solution by pressing, flinging oif, etc.

The processis preferably accomplished, as follows: The comminutedresidues of the oil manufacture are mixed up with water to a pulp or paste. Then a mixture of alkali carbonate and alkali hydroxid is added and the wholethen heated. The greasy admin tures of the most residues of the oil manu- 'facture chiefly consi'st of free sebacic acids for the transformatitn of which into soaps the weaker alkali carbonates are sufficiently strong. Besides, according to the nature of the residues a smaller or larger quantity of alkali hydroxid must be employed for the saponification of the oils. Thus, for instance, 100 kgs. of ground arachis-cakes are mixed with 4-5 hectoliters of water to which have been added about 5 kgs. of soda and about 2 'kgs. of sodium-hydroxid. Hydrox ids may also be used, of course, instead of the carbonates. In order to deodorize and to decolorize the product, there may further be added reducing substances to the mixture, besides the alkali. After having heated the mixture up to the complete saponification of the oils, which usually takes place within 15-20 minutes, it is (preferably without previously separating the soap-solution, containing dissolved a part of the proteins, from the solid parts, containing the un dissolved albuminous substances) neutralized by means of acids, lakmus being used here as indicator. By the neutralization the albuminous substances dissolved in the alkaline soapsolution are precipitated. Then the liquid substances,

. the oil manufacture from washing a very diluted and linseed.

the soap remnants-having been taken with at the precipitation of the albumin it is recommended to wash once more the already Water-washed residue and to use for this cold soda-solution (for instance one of 0.5%) in which solution the albumin is completely insoluble and finally to wash by means of cold Water. In that manner a product is obtained which besides the quantitative yield of albumin and the raw fiber also contains part of the ashes whereas the oils, sebacic acids and extractive free from nitrogen, have been removed. This product is odorless and tasteless, slightly colored, and may be used as material for the manufacture of meat-substitutions, etc. From this material rich in albumin there may be obtained a pure albumin, by extracting with lye or salt-solution or by dialysis, may finally be decomposed into various albuminous preparations.

In accomplishing the invented process one may, however, proceed-also in such manner that after the hot treating of the pressed cakes, etc., with alkali the soap-solution is separated immediately (2'. e. without previous neutralization), from the solid parts by'pressing, flinging off, etc., and that the proteins are then precipitated by neutralizing the flowing off soap-solution. The proteins separated from the soap solution may be treated either'apart from or together with the albuminous substances contained in the ungreased residues.

.By the invented process the residues of the oil manufacture are freed in a simple and perfect manner from the admixtures of a greasy nature, easily putrescible and have an unfavorable influence upon the taste, and also from other by-constituents objectionable to the taste, the odor and the aspect of the albuminous materials. 4

With the invented process there may be manufactured, for instance, press residues of seeds of cotton, sesame, groundnut, cocoa, sunflower, poppy, madia, niger, pumpkin, candle,

whereupon the pure albumin capoc, soy

the warmth the residues of the 011 manufacture with alkali, and in neutralizing, for

the purpose of precipitating the proteins dissolved in the soap-solution, the mixture by acids without previously separating the soap-solution, in which a part of the protein is dissolved, from the solid parts containing the unsolved albuminous substances and in separating thereupon the soap-solution from the solid parts, and carefully washing the solid residue.

3. A process for the preparation of albuminous products from the residues in the oil manufacture, consisting in treating in the Warmth the residues of the oil manufacture with alkali, separating the soap -solution from the solid parts, separating the proteins by neutralizing the soap-solution, and carefully Washing the precipitated proteins.

4. A process for the preparation of albuminous products from the residues in the oil manufacture, consisting in treating in the warmth the residues of the oil manufacture with alkali, separating the soap solution from the solid parts, separating the proteins by neutralizing the soap-solution, and treating the precipitated proteins together with the albuminous substances remaining in the ungr'eased residues.

VIKTOR GRAFE. KUNO PECHE. Witnesses:

JOSEPH G. STADLER, Auous'r FUGGER.

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